| FANTASIA |
| Japanese Avant-Garde Pioneers |
| Amélie Ravalec during the Q&A at Fantasia Fest. A book will follow in September 2025 HERE Photos © LENA GHIO, 2025 |
Ravalec is no stranger to the subterranean: her earlier works, Industrial Soundtrack for the Urban Decay and Paris/Berlin: 20 Years of Underground Techno, mapped the pulse of Western subcultures. But with Japanese Avant-Garde Pioneers, she pivots eastward—and upward in ambition—taking on a movement that defies categorization, one born from atomic fire and cultural fracture.
The film’s premise is deceptively straightforward: a chronicle of the 1960s and ’70s Japanese underground arts, focusing on photography, graphic design, and performance. But the execution is kaleidoscopic. Ravalec’s camera dances with ghosts—some literal, some metaphorical—through reels of seldom-seen footage, razor-sharp interviews with survivors, and a torrent of surreal images that electrify the screen. You don’t watch this film. You weather it.
| Yukio Mishima's A Life in Four Chapters |
The Radiant Wound
Japan in the 1960s was still metabolizing trauma at a cellular level. The nuclear cataclysm of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the humiliations of occupation, and the psychic dislocation of rapid Westernization had created a society of contradictions—repressed yet explosive, ashamed yet unrepentant. Ravalec opens with this historical context, not as backdrop but as root system. Out of these contradictions sprouted a countercultural bloom unlike anything the world had seen: Butoh dance, the grotesque theatre of the Angura troupes, the erotic rawness of underground photography, and the feral brilliance of graphic design that mixed Buddhist iconography with B-29 bombers and American porn stars.
“Fear was in our milk,” says one interviewee, an aging avant-gardist reflecting on growing up in firebombed Tokyo. That fear became fuel. The film presents this movement as not merely artistic but existential—an attempt to exorcise, or at least externalize, a haunted collective psyche.
| You will find out more about Yukio Mishima, a complex multidisciplinary artist who committed Seppuku |
A Cast of Unruly Visionaries
The ensemble of voices that Ravalec assembles is staggering. Chief among them is photographer Daido Moriyama, whose grainy, blurry, provocatively “failed” images became synonymous with the are-bure-boke (rough, blurred, out-of-focus) style. His work, Ravalec suggests, is not documentary but divination—a way to see into the “slits” of daily life and glimpse a parallel Japan, warped by trauma and desire.
Equally riveting are segments on Eikoh Hosoe, who famously collaborated with writer and nationalist icon Yukio Mishima in the homoerotic photo series Killed by Roses; and Nobuyoshi Araki, whose bound female subjects—photographed with unsettling tenderness—force a reevaluation of Western assumptions about erotica and shame. “In Japan,” a scholar explains, “the rope is not just bondage. It’s story. It’s ritual. It’s inheritance.”
And then there’s Shūji Terayama, the film’s enigmatic godfather figure. A poet, provocateur, filmmaker, and Pied Piper of the outré, Terayama’s infamous slogans—“Throw away your books and run into the streets!”—are shown to be more than rebellious posturing. In footage from his Tenjo Sajiki troupe, we see human bodies treated as canvases, theatres transformed into psychic battlefields, and scripts that read like riddles from a dream. Ravalec’s decision to intercut Terayama’s autobiographical film Pastoral: To Die in the Country with images from his actual life is particularly effective—it feels as though the artist himself is narrating from beyond the grave.
The Language of Disobedience
What unites these disparate figures is not merely a shared timeline or aesthetic, but a language of defiance. The Japanese avant-garde didn’t just reject Western norms—it rejected Japanese ones too, attacking the rigidity of traditional forms with an almost gleeful violence. Butoh, for instance, emerged not as a dance but an anti-dance—writhing bodies covered in ash, eyes rolled back, channeling both ancient ritual and modern alienation. It’s the opposite of ballet: grotesque, slow, and raw. In Ravalec’s hands, Butoh becomes a metaphor for the entire film—beautiful in its ugliness, transcendent in its descent.
Likewise, the underground theatre movement—Angura—mounted productions in tents, in streets, and on trains. Nudity was common, chaos encouraged. One archival clip shows commuters stunned into silence as guerilla performers stage an impromptu act of ritual suicide in a subway car. “We had no time for museums,” an actor recalls. “The city was our canvas.”
The documentary makes clear that this movement was ephemeral by design. Most of its major figures are now dead. Others, like Carmen Maki or the members of the anarchic free-jazz group Shibusa Shirazu, continue to perform—living relics of a vanished world. But the physical spaces that housed this rebellion—Lady Jane café, the Golden Gai bars, backstreet galleries—are either gone or gentrified into simulacra of themselves. TikTok tourists now flood lanes once stalked by artistic revolutionaries.
| A photo by Nobuyoshi Araki |
The Ghost in the Image
Still, Japanese Avant-Garde Pioneers refuses nostalgia. This is not a requiem but a reanimation. The film’s relentless visuality—poster art by Tadanori Yokoo, the surreal photobooks of Kikuji Kawada (The Map), Ishiuchi Miyako’s raw documentation of U.S. military bases—is so intense it borders on psychedelic. Ravalec avoids the trap of letting the Western voice dominate; her narration is spare, her tone reverent but never appropriative. She gives space to Japanese voices, particularly women, to contextualize their experience in a way that resists fetish and simplification.
That resistance is perhaps the film’s most admirable quality. Ravalec understands that to see Japanese art through a Western lens is to miss its essence entirely. Instead, she creates a kind of cinematic noh mask—opaque at times, mysterious, but alive with significance. You feel the temperature of the culture shift. You hear the unsaid. You see the ghost in the image.
A Necessary Resurrection
Can such a moment ever happen again? The film doesn’t pretend it can. That particular confluence of trauma, rupture, rebellion, and artistic hunger was unique and unrepeatable. But by resurrecting it with such care, intensity, and vision, Japanese Avant-Garde Pioneers becomes more than a film—it becomes a warning, a reminder, and, in its best moments, a work of avant-garde art itself.
Whether you’re an artist, a student of history, or simply someone attuned to the seismic shifts of human expression, this is essential viewing. Go to the theater. Sit in the dark. Let it burn into you.
Because as Terayama might say: throw away your streaming algorithm—and run into the fire.
You have time to see the movie at Cinémathèque Québécoise until July 31, 2025 INFOS